Today's Popular Entries
Ignacio Seguín Zaragoza, Mexican general and hero of Cinco de Mayo, was born on March 24, 1829, at Bahía del Espíritu Santo (see LA BAHÍA) in the state of Coahuila and Texas, near present Goliad, Texas. He was the second son of Miguel G. Zaragoza of Veracruz, Mexico, and María de Jesús Seguín of Bexar, who was a relative of Juan José Erasmo Seguín. With Mexico'south defeat in the Texas Revolution, Miguel Zaragoza, an infantryman, moved his family unit from Goliad to Matamoros, where Ignacio attended the schoolhouse of San Juan. The elder Zaragoza was transferred to Monterrey in 1844, and Ignacio entered a seminary there. By 1846 he realized that he did not accept a strong vocation and left. When the U.s. invaded United mexican states, he volunteered to serve as a cadet in the Mexican ground forces but was rejected. He entered the mercantile business for a brusk time, and in 1853 he joined the militia of Nuevo León with the rank of sergeant. When his regiment was incorporated into the Mexican regular army, he was promoted to captain.
The Texas Revolution began in Oct 1835 with the boxing of Gonzales and concluded on April 21, 1836, with the battle of San Jacinto, only before clashes between regime forces and frontier colonists go far impossible to prepare dogmatic limits in terms of military battles, cultural misunderstandings, and political differences that were a part of the revolution. The seeds of the conflict were planted during the concluding years of Spanish rule (1815–21) when Anglo Americans drifted across the Neutral Ground and the eastern bank of the Red River into Spanish territory, squatted on the land, and populated Spanish Texas. More alarming than these illegal residents, who merely wanted to "settle and stay," were filibusters such as Philip Nolan, who commandeered portions of Castilian lands for personal gain and political capital. During the fading years of New Spain, its ruling council, the Cortes, worried about securing their far northern frontier and began to encourage foreign immigration to Texas, including Anglo American colonization. 1 who was eager to take advantage of a change in Castilian policy was Moses Austin, who received a commission from the Spanish governor of Texas to bring 300 families and establish a colony, thereby rebuilding some of his lost fortune associated with the Panic of 1819. Upon his death in 1821, his son and heir Stephen Fuller Austin fulfilled his begetter's vision and became the offset empresario of Texas.
Long earlier trained physicians offered medical services to Texans properly and so-called, Indian "medicine men" and Spanish explorers and padres responded to the ill and injured in the hereafter Texas. Apache Indians mashed toxicant ivy leaves to prepare a remedy for ringworm. Comanches skillfully treated fractured limbs and gunshot wounds. The Karankawas, who lived along the Gulf Coast, used various plants to control diarrhea. In November 1528, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and a few other shipwreck survivors waded to the shores of Galveston Island and encountered a band of Karankawas. For six years, Cabeza de Vaca traveled throughout the time to come state and acquired a reputation equally a lay healer because he removed an arrow from the breast of a Karankawa and attended others when they were ill. The Castilian conquistadors and padres rapidly subdued the Indians with their swords, germs, and institutions. Infectious diseases were owned in the Spanish missions, presidios, and ranchos established by Spanish settlers during the eighteenth century. Smallpox epidemics afflicted San Antonio (1739), Nacogdoches (1759), and other towns. Measles, influenza, malaria, and venereal diseases occurred regularly. In add-on to prayer, the Spanish priests utilized herbal remedies brought from Europe and some that were popular with the Indians. A few soldiers became renowned as lay surgeons, and some presidios acquired trained surgeons. With San Antonio de Béxar as the provincial capital, some 5,000 persons lived on the Spanish Texas frontier at the turn of the nineteenth century. Federico Zerván, a military surgeon, accompanied the bishop of Monterrey on a visit in that location in October 1805. Governor Manuel Antonio Cordero y Bustamante agreed to designate a room in San Antonio de Valero Mission as a war machine infirmary that could arrange twenty patients. Zerván administered the infirmary for 3 years.
Lulu (or Lula) Belle Madison White, instructor and civil rights activist, was born in 1907 in Elmo, Texas, to Samuel Henry and Easter Madison. She attended elementary and loftier schools in Elmo and enrolled in Butler College in Tyler. Later she moved to Houston, where she met and married man of affairs Julius White. The couple raised two foster children. Shortly after her spousal relationship, White enrolled at Prairie View College. After receiving a available'south degree in English, she embarked on a teaching career in the Heights, a Blackness community on the outskirts of Houston. Before White could exist considered for a teaching mail service in the Houston Independent School District, she joined the National Clan for the Advancement of Colored People. Her husband had been a member of the Houston NAACP for some fourth dimension and had been the plaintiff in several White main cases. White resigned her teaching post in the Heights community and devoted all of her time to the NAACP and its struggle to eliminate the state's White main in the early 1930s. Until the late 1940s White served the NAACP every bit manager of the Youth Council, fund-raiser, and organizer of new chapters throughout the state. In 1939 she became the president of the Houston chapter upon the decease of C. F. Richardson. In 1943, nether her fund-raising leadership, the Houston chapter became the largest in the Due south, and White became the kickoff paid executive secretarial assistant. Her seven-year tenure in the postal service brought her state and national attending. After the Supreme Court handed down its 1944 decision in Smith v. Allwright, which finally outlawed the White primary, White was at the forefront of educating Blacks to vote. When the NAACP looked for a example that would integrate the University of Texas in 1945, White chose the plaintiff, Heman Marion Sweatt, and, with the legal core of the NAACP, pursued the case of Sweatt v. Painter to the Supreme Courtroom. Sweatt later credited White'southward leadership for maintaining his ain resolve. White was also in the vanguard of the movement to become equal salaries for Black and White teachers. When local Blacks reported cases of discrimination in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, Lulu White was the one who responded. Politically liberal, White joined James Frank Dobie, Sweatt, and others in 1948 in an effort to go Henry Wallace's Progressive party on the presidential ballot in Texas. White's friendships with Walter White, Daisy Lampkin, Thurgood Marshall, and Roy Wilkins enabled her to exert influence on the NAACP nationally. She resigned every bit executive secretary of the Houston chapter in 1949 and became state manager of the NAACP. She remained in the latter mail service until her death on July 6, 1957, possibly of heart failure. She was buried in Houston. The calendar week earlier her death the national NAACP established the Lulu White Freedom Fund in her laurels.
Lockett is at the intersection of U.S. Highway 70 and Farm Road 433, six miles southwest of Vernon and seven miles w of the Foard canton line in due west primal Wilbarger County. A settlement has existed at the site from the early 1880s, and a school was established in 1885. In 1888 the customs was named for local residents T. J. and J. B. Lockett. A Methodist group had been present since 1887, and in 1898 its members built Wesley Chapel. Before 1910 Austrian immigrant Franz Weiss operated the starting time cotton wool gin in the town. A Baptist church organized in Lockett in 1909, and the Lutherans were established by 1910. In the early twentieth century the Streit family from Switzerland founded a xx-5-piece community band. By 1918 Lockett had two general stores and several other businesses. A Church of Christ was organized later on. The population between 1940 and 1960 was 125. The Lockett school was consolidated with that of Vernon in 1969. In the mid-1980s through 2000 the town reported a population of 200. The Zion Lutheran and Lockett Baptist churches remained active.
Flags of Texas
General Entry
The potent Texas involvement in flags is shown in public and private displays of the "Half dozen Flags Over Texas," i.e., the flags of the six countries that have ruled over Texas: the Kingdom of French republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the Mexican Federal Republic, the Republic of Texas, the Confederate States of America, and the United States of America. Spain has had four significant flags during its occupation of the New World. The regal imprint of Castile and León, bearing two lions and 2 castles, was used equally a state flag and ensign from around 1230 to around 1516. From 1516 to May 28, 1785, Spain used a state flag and ensign consisting of a modified red saltire on white to signify the house of Burgundy. A variant of the land flag and ensign 1580 to 1640 depicted the consummate Spanish glaze of arms on a white field. Male monarch Charles III established the familiar Spanish flag, with horizontal stripes of cherry-red-golden-red and the simple arms of Castile and León equally the Castilian ensign, effective on May 28, 1785, and every bit the Spanish state flag on state, constructive March 8, 1793. These flags were used until Apr 27, 1931.
Chelo Silva, Tejana vocaliser, was built-in Consuelo Silva in Brownsville, Texas, on August 25, 1922. She was the eldest daughter of vii children. Every bit a teenager she started singing in school and at church building, and by her late teens began performing with a local group, the Tito Crixell Orchestra. By 1939 she was well-known in Brownsville and was invited to sing on a local radio show hosted by the young Américo Paredes. The 2 were married the same year, but the spousal relationship ended in divorce some years later. They had a son.
The last v decades of the twentieth century witnessed the transformation of Texas from a rural and agricultural state to an urban, industrial one. The changes caused new problems and exacerbated old ones for a population grounded in agrarian values. 2-party politics emerged as the state's electorate turned from a nigh absolute allegiance to its Southern Democratic heritage to one that frequently elected Republican officeholders. The irresolute demography of the state intensified political rivalries. Mirroring national trends, Mexican Americans joined African Americans in enervating a more positive political response to the needs of minorities. The federal government abetted their crusade through courtroom decisions and legislation that struck down de jure segregation. Growing feminism, increasing opportunities in the market place, and the developing urban environment led many women to modernize, and in some cases renounce, the gendered political, social, and economic roles to which they had been traditionally prescribed. Interstate migrations also shaped a different Texas. The country's location in the emerging Sun Belt and its economic blast during the 1970s brought newcomers from outside the rural and Southern traditions. These joined with intrastate migrants in big population centers and forced the legislature to address the needs of an urban lodge.
Promotion 
This Week'south Popular Entries
Lulu (or Lula) Belle Madison White, instructor and civil rights activist, was born in 1907 in Elmo, Texas, to Samuel Henry and Easter Madison. She attended elementary and high schools in Elmo and enrolled in Butler Higher in Tyler. Afterward she moved to Houston, where she met and married businessman Julius White. The couple raised two foster children. Presently afterwards her marriage, White enrolled at Prairie View Higher. Afterwards receiving a bachelor's degree in English, she embarked on a teaching career in the Heights, a Black customs on the outskirts of Houston. Before White could be considered for a educational activity post in the Houston Independent School District, she joined the National Clan for the Advocacy of Colored People. Her husband had been a member of the Houston NAACP for some time and had been the plaintiff in several White chief cases. White resigned her education post in the Heights customs and devoted all of her fourth dimension to the NAACP and its struggle to eliminate the state'southward White primary in the early 1930s. Until the late 1940s White served the NAACP as director of the Youth Quango, fund-raiser, and organizer of new chapters throughout the country. In 1939 she became the president of the Houston chapter upon the death of C. F. Richardson. In 1943, nether her fund-raising leadership, the Houston chapter became the largest in the S, and White became the showtime paid executive secretary. Her 7-yr tenure in the postal service brought her land and national attention. After the Supreme Courtroom handed down its 1944 decision in Smith v. Allwright, which finally outlawed the White primary, White was at the forefront of educating Blacks to vote. When the NAACP looked for a case that would integrate the Academy of Texas in 1945, White chose the plaintiff, Heman Marion Sweatt, and, with the legal core of the NAACP, pursued the example of Sweatt v. Painter to the Supreme Court. Sweatt afterward credited White'southward leadership for maintaining his ain resolve. White was also in the vanguard of the motility to get equal salaries for Black and White teachers. When local Blacks reported cases of discrimination in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, Lulu White was the one who responded. Politically liberal, White joined James Frank Dobie, Sweatt, and others in 1948 in an effort to get Henry Wallace's Progressive party on the presidential ballot in Texas. White's friendships with Walter White, Daisy Lampkin, Thurgood Marshall, and Roy Wilkins enabled her to exert influence on the NAACP nationally. She resigned as executive secretary of the Houston chapter in 1949 and became state director of the NAACP. She remained in the latter mail until her death on July half-dozen, 1957, perhaps of middle failure. She was buried in Houston. The week before her expiry the national NAACP established the Lulu White Freedom Fund in her honor.
Flags of Texas
General Entry
The potent Texas interest in flags is shown in public and private displays of the "Six Flags Over Texas," i.eastward., the flags of the six countries that have ruled over Texas: the Kingdom of French republic, the Spain, the Mexican Federal Republic, the Republic of Texas, the Confederate States of America, and the U.s.a. of America. Espana has had four pregnant flags during its occupation of the New Earth. The royal banner of Castile and León, begetting two lions and ii castles, was used as a state flag and ensign from around 1230 to around 1516. From 1516 to May 28, 1785, Spain used a state flag and ensign consisting of a modified blood-red saltire on white to signify the house of Burgundy. A variant of the state flag and ensign 1580 to 1640 depicted the complete Spanish glaze of arms on a white field. King Charles III established the familiar Spanish flag, with horizontal stripes of red-gold-ruby and the elementary arms of Castile and León equally the Spanish ensign, constructive on May 28, 1785, and every bit the Spanish land flag on land, constructive March 8, 1793. These flags were used until April 27, 1931.
The Texas Revolution began in October 1835 with the battle of Gonzales and concluded on April 21, 1836, with the boxing of San Jacinto, simply before clashes between authorities forces and frontier colonists make it impossible to set dogmatic limits in terms of military battles, cultural misunderstandings, and political differences that were a role of the revolution. The seeds of the conflict were planted during the last years of Spanish rule (1815–21) when Anglo Americans drifted beyond the Neutral Basis and the eastern bank of the Red River into Castilian territory, squatted on the country, and populated Spanish Texas. More alarming than these illegal residents, who only wanted to "settle and stay," were filibusters such as Philip Nolan, who commandeered portions of Castilian lands for personal gain and political capital. During the fading years of New Spain, its ruling council, the Cortes, worried about securing their far northern frontier and began to encourage foreign immigration to Texas, including Anglo American colonization. One who was eager to take advantage of a change in Castilian policy was Moses Austin, who received a committee from the Castilian governor of Texas to bring 300 families and establish a colony, thereby rebuilding some of his lost fortune associated with the Panic of 1819. Upon his death in 1821, his son and heir Stephen Fuller Austin fulfilled his begetter'southward vision and became the first empresario of Texas.
In 1836 Maj. George H. Crosman urged the U.s.a. War Department to use camels in Indian campaigns in Florida because of the animals' power to keep on the motility with a minimum of food and water. The matter came to the attending of Senator Jefferson Davis, whom President Franklin Pierce later on appointed secretary of war. Davis'due south beginning problem was that of coping with Indians and with transportation in Texas, simply the enormous expense of the Mexican Cession of 1848 had seriously depleted available regular army resources. Davis firmly accepted the currently prevalent "Bang-up American Desert" thesis, which held that much of the western United States was near uninhabitable. He urged Congress to advisable coin to exam the value and efficiency of camels in the Southwest as a partial solution to pressing needs. At the insistence of the War Department, Congress passed, on March 3, 1855, the Shield subpoena to the appropriation bill, which made $30,000 available "under the direction of the War Department in the purchase of camels and the importation of dromedaries, to exist employed for military machine purposes."
This entry is currently existence revised and the new version volition exist bachelor before long!
Jane McCallum, suffragist leader and Texas secretarial assistant of state, was born to Alvaro Leonard and Mary Fullerton (LeGette) Yelvington in La Vernia, Texas, on December 30, 1877. Yelvington was a pioneer sheriff of Wilson County in the belatedly 1870s and early 1880s. Jane attended schools in Wilson County and Dr. Zealey's Female College in Mississippi in 1892–93. She studied at the University of Texas from 1912 to 1915 and in 1923–24 but never received a degree. On Oct 29, 1896, she married Arthur Newell McCallum, Sr., a Northward Carolina native who had ventured to Texas in 1895. She moved with him from La Vernia to Kenedy, and then Seguin, and finally Austin, where he served every bit school superintendent from 1903 to 1942. The couple had a daughter and four sons. Jane McCallum beginning entered politics by campaigning for prohibition and woman suffrage. On October 22, 1915, the Austin Woman Suffrage Association elected her president. She likewise teamed with Minnie Fisher Cunningham, president of the Texas Equal Suffrage Association, in leading statewide campaigns for suffrage; she served every bit state manager of press and publicity for the state ramble subpoena on total suffrage and state chairman of the ratification committee for the federal, or nineteenth, amendment. To further promote suffrage, Jane McCallum delivered public speeches and wrote a suffrage column that appeared in the Austin American and later the Austin Statesman (run into AUSTIN AMERICAN-STATESMAN). During World War I, as women'southward chairman of the fourth Liberty Loan Drive, she led Austin women in raising virtually $700,000 for the war effort.
James Leonard Farmer, Jr., civil rights leader and founder of the Congress of Racial Equality (Core), was born on January 12, 1920, in Marshall, Texas, to James Leonard Farmer, Sr., and Pearl Marion Houston Farmer. His father was a professor of religion at Wiley Higher. When James Jr. was six months old the family moved to Holly Springs, Mississippi, where his father taught at Rust College. In 1925 the family moved to Austin, Texas, where James Sr. joined the faculty at Samuel Huston Higher (now Huston-Tillotson College). Later on a move to Atlanta, Georgia, in 1930, the Farmer family unit moved back to Marshall, Texas, in 1933. He graduated at age fourteen from Pemberton High in Marshall and, with a four-twelvemonth scholarship, entered Wiley College that aforementioned year. At that place, under the guidance of Melvin B. Tolson, he became a member of the 1935 debate team that defeated the national champions from the University of Southern California. Tolson, Farmer, and the success of the Wiley debate team were the subjects of a 2007 motion picture, The Great Debaters, which starred Denzel Washington.
The Quaternary Ward in Houston, too sometimes referred to as Freedmen's Town, is one of that city's most important African-American historic communities. During the belatedly nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it was the center of Black cultural and professional life in the metropolis. By the early twentieth century information technology housed prominent educational institutions and the bulk of the Black physicians and attorneys, while at night its bars and nighttime spots attracted Whites and Blacks who came to hear smashing blues and jazz musicians. Blues guitarist B. B. Rex later termed the Fourth Ward nighttime life the "breeding ground" for musicians Arnett Cobb and Sam (Lightnin') Hopkins. The Houston city charter of 1839 organized the urban center into four wards. The 4th is located just southwest of downtown Houston, along the south bank of Buffalo Bayou. It extended s of Congress Avenue and west of Chief Street to the city limits. Although the Fourth Ward was established as a political subdivision, and although at least through the nineteenth century information technology housed more than Whites than Blacks, the area is best known as ane of Houston'southward oldest and most of import Black neighborhoods. Initially it encompassed most of what is at present downtown Houston west of Main Street, as well as the residential areas along San Felipe Street (now Due west Dallas) and West Grey that notwithstanding are referred to as the Fourth Ward and are today almost exclusively Black in population.
0 Response to "How to Cite This Following Source Texas Rev Crim Stat Arts 10711076 1911"
Post a Comment